We call this "The Credit Crunch" due to them relieving money against a wall and when people took out their deposits, the bank is left completely vulnerable and bankrupt.
Hence why the bank shouldn't go in the negative, and the surplus is there so any changes in the equilibrium can be cushioned.
Hence "Money has to come from some where", and as such, there needs to be some one, some where, which doesn't actually go into debt, unless it is a recipe for devastation.
I am fully aware that banks skate on a thin-line where they just give away money they don't have, relying on the future, but it really is a very poor practise. Debt overall needs to shrink everywhere.
As for inflation, I believe it is zero at the moment, or was it actually negative? Only good inflation has is for those indebt, as they only have to repay less, while people with savings lose out.
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