Very poor, uneducated cultures where people have very little in terms of material goods or opportunity in life, so instead, things like family honor and social respect become highly valued.
When Europe looked like the Middle East (in terms of widespread poverty and backwards political leadership), it was pouring molten metal into people's bodily cavities to drive the devil out.
You could say that religion is tied into these nasty things, but frequently religion also plays a hefty overtone role of reforming societies when they rise up and shake off these kinds of backwards practices.
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